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Roland Park is the first planned "suburban" community in North America, located in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. It was developed between 1890 and 1920 as an upper-class streetcar suburb. The early phases of the neighborhood were designed by Edward Bouton and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. Roland Park Elementary/Middle School, a K-8 school,〔Roland Park Public School http://rolandparkpublic.org/?page_id=2〕 earned the Blue Ribbon for Academic Excellence from the state department of education. The two yearly musicals at the school are said to be the best school musicals in the city. The neighborhood is home to several private schools: Friends School of Baltimore, Gilman School, Roland Park Country School, the Bryn Mawr School, Cathedral School, and Boys' Latin School of Maryland. St. Mary's Seminary and University is located in Roland Park. The Baltimore Light Rail's Cold Spring Lane station is within walking distance of much of the neighborhood, just across the Jones Falls Expressway to the west. Roland Park is also home to a branch of the Enoch Pratt Free Library. ==History== Jarvis and Conklin, a Chicago investment firm, purchased 500 acres of land near Lake Roland in 1891 and founded the Roland Park Company with $1 million in capital. Not long after, the Panic of 1893 forced Jarvis and Conklin to sell the Roland Park Company to the firm of Stewart and Young. Despite the dire economics after 1893, Stewart and Young continued investment in the development.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.59-60.〕 The Roland Park Company hired Kansas City developer Edward H. Bouton as the general manager and George Edward Kessler to lay out the lots for the first tract. They hired the Olmsted Brothers to lay out the second tract, and installed expensive infrastructure, including graded-streets, gutters, sidewalks, and constructed the Lake Roland Elevated Railroad. The company consulted George E Waring, Jr. to advise them on the installation of a sewer system. Bouton placed restrictive covenants on all lots in Roland Park. These included setback requirements and proscriptions against any business operations. These covenants did not bar non-whites from living in Roland Park.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.60-63, 66-67.〕 Bouton and some Baltimore investors purchased the interests of Roland Park and reorganized the company in 1903.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.64.〕 Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. cited Roland Park as a model residential subdivision to his Harvard School of Design students. Duncan McDuffie, developer of St. Francis Wood in San Francisco, called Roland Park "an ideal residential district." Jessie Clyde Nichols had found inspiration in Roland Park when he was planning the Country Club District of Kansas City.〔Robert M. Fogelson (2005). Bourgeois Nightmares: suburbia, 1870-1930, p.63.〕 Nichols continued to refer to Roland Park as an ideal residential development when he counselled other residential developers.〔Cheryl Caldwell Ferguson (Oct 2000). "River Oaks:1920s Suburban Planning and Development in Houston". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 104, p.121.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roland Park, Baltimore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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